ekpe society cameroon ekpe society cameroon

[34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. The paper critically examined the Ekpe society in its indigenous form and nature prior the advent of Christianity, Western education and Western influence. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. . It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. The cloth is then dipped in indigo dye and hung to dry. [40] The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs. quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. [47] On the founding of Obutong, Colonial anthropologist M.D.W. Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. (Ed.). The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. [53] Some of the kings have been identified in the past by Etubom Ukorebi Ukorebi Asuquo in Aye's Efik people. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. There are two distinct but related societies. Dropping by to say, "Hi!" There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. An account from the Qua said the origin of the Ekpe people can be traced to Cameron. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Adire Adire means 'tie and dye' in Yoruba. In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Photo by Eli Bentor. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. This material is believed to have been imported by the Portuguese (Oboriki). The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. Unblock notifications in browser settings. The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. [81] I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. [30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. Origin Nsibidi symbols which are indigenous to Igbo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang and Ekoi/Ejagham members of the Ekpe society. 4. Photo by Eli Bentor. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. These drums are a regional phenomenon; they are not identified with any particular ethnic community, nor with any specific cultural group or initiation club. [59] According to Rev. [5] Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. Read More mask [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. part of the Balondos or Orokos in Ndian in Southern Cameroon) and Idombi (ie present town, called Bamusso in Ndian-Southern . [42] K.K. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. [32] Another theory states that there was a disagreement between an Efik woman known as Abasi and an Uruan woman. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it's a symbol of their political autonomy. Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. Ukara cloth also consecrates the interior of Ekpe lodges, where larger versions of the cloth hang as backdrops. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. These Ngolo created the Ekpe society and invented the Nsibidi writing system in Usakadet (Isangele). Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. Gelede Egbe: Yoruba Women's Sacred Society. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. Posted on March 01, 2015 The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). by Web Services Editor. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. Among those who migrated with the Ngolo were various other nations who would later become part of the Oroko ethnic group. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. Internal details about the membership and brotherhood demands of this ancient group is supposedly a top secret known only to the members. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. . Efik traders played a major role during the era of the Transatlantic slave trade. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Here are 8 prominent cults and secret societies in Africa. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. A reconsideration of kp and Abaku suggests an agenda for the study of kp in diaspora from a different perspective. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Mr. . The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. through the Illuminati Iwas able to become rich, and have many industry on myown and become famous and popular in my country , todayme and my family is living happily and I am the mosthappiest man here is the opportunity for you to join theIlluminati and become rich and famous in life and be likeother people and you life we be change totally.If you areinterested in joining the great brotherhood Illuminati.thencontact him +2348106618681 or for more information +1(705)8062021 email:illuminatibrotherpowerful@gmail.com or you need my assistance email:danjerry04@gmail.com Shame to the Manyu people and great men o Manyu, that you as enlightened as I know will willfully distort a tradition that back dates as long as 400 to 800hundred. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. At Old Calabar, traders had slowly started transitioning completely into the lucrative palm oil trade. National Museum of African American History and Culture. [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . She said as a member of the Ekpe Society of the Efiks, she participates in the Ekpe activities. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role.